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Ozone is the allotrope of oxygen. It comprises three oxygen atoms triangular in shapes with the included angle of 116°49″ and the length of O-O key 1.278±0.003 angstroms. In 1785, a peculiar smell was found when Germans used the electrical machine to discharge. This smell was confirmed as O3 and named OZONE by German scientist Schonbein in 1840. Since then the European scientists have made the research on the performances and applications of ozone. Its broad-spectrum disinfection effect was used to preserve freshness of beef since its being found. And this character of ozone has been in application since 1870.
Scientists have devoted a lot to do research on ozone continually and the performances and application have been known to people. Ozone is extremely unstable and a strong oxidant, because ozone, i.e. O3, consists of oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom which determines O3 is just a temporary state. Some of the oxygen atoms are oxidant and the rest are going to combine into O2, a stable state. So there is no secondary pollution in the whole process which is the biggest advantage. As for other performances, ozone has a special stimulating stink. However, it smells fresh at the low density. The ozone gas is light blue but the ozone liquid formed under high pressure is puce.
In fact ozone exists in the nature extensively with different densities under different conditions. It is just difficult to be perceived. The well-known atmosphere ozone layer, which is the natural barrier stopping ultraviolet, is produced by that the sunshine with special wavelength and spectrum shines the air. And the reason the air is fresher after the thunder storm is that the ozone concentration in the air improves , commonly about 0.04ppm, which is among the range of people’s perceive. And why does the ozone concentration improve? Because the lighting (high pressure discharge) ionizes the oxygen and forms ozone. Besides the two examples, there is another one. You may feel that air is extremely fresh in the forests and the travel areas. That is because when the plants absorb CO2, oxygen atoms are made at the same time. Some of the atoms form O2 and some O3.
Ozone is mainly used to disinfect and sterilize, because it is a strong oxidant, which can oxidize the cell wall of the bacterium, pierce through the cell wall and chemically combine with internal unsaturated keys, resulting in the bacterium’s death. The whole process is finished at one moment because of its high reducing electric potential. |
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What is ozone water?
Ozone is extremely apt to dissolve in water. The water keeping ozone of certain concentration inside is ozone water which is called “running water”. The running water is flowing and non-polluted, the natural water contains various kinds of mineral substances which are favorable to the human body. It is known as most ideal, most secure, most pure, most nutritious “drinking water ".
In this case, how does ozone work in real life?
Ozone is combined by three atoms, the third of which is releasing constantly and hereby many chemical reactions take place in organic matters. So the applications are embodying in the following aspects:
1.Resolve the harmful gas and purify the air, for example, resolving second hand smoke and the discharged waste gas by factories and automobiles.
2.Eliminate the germs existing in the air and water, like tubercle bacillus, coliform, the fungus of dysentery.
3.Decompose the residual agricultural medicine on vegetables and fruits.
4.Preserve the freshness of fish and meat and prolong the term of guarantee.
5.Dispel the chlorine in the tap water.
6.Taking a shower with ozone water has the functions of facial and health care.
7.Deodorize kitchen tools.
8.Purify water water.
9.Reduce the harmful effect of the radiation of television and computer screen to human body.
Besides, American scientists have discovered that the growth rate of many cancer cells is obviously slowed down after continuous contact with ozone. So ozone can restrain the growth of cancer cells. It is seen that ozone is effective and can be extensively used.
Why can ozone disinfect?
When ozone is dissolved in water, the following oxidizing and decomposition reactions happen:
（１）、O3＋H2O－HO3＋OH
（２）、O3+OH－2HO2+(3)HO3+HO2－HO+2O2
（３）、HO+HO2－O2H2O
The above reactions are the causes of ozone’s disinfection and sterilization abilities. After the contact with bacteria, ozone spreads rapidly and permeates through the cell wall of bacteria in the course of oxidizing. The strong oxidation effect can denaturalize bacteria’s albumen and destroy enzyme system, leading its decompensation and at last death.
What are the advantages of ozone?
1. Extensiveness.
The scientific research materials show that the ozone is a broad-spectrum bactericide. It can kill the colon bacillus effectively within short time, wax bacillus, huge bacillus, dysentery bacillus, typhoid bacillus, epidemic meningitis diplococcus, staphylococcus, salmonella, influenza virus, and hepatitis biros and other kinds of microorganism, etc.
2. Efficiency
The experimental result of scientific research indicates, the sterilization speed of ozone is far higher than the ultraviolet ray, etc. of using to the speed of killing of the bacterium virus, the ozone is apt to dissolve in water. Its solubility in water is about 13 times as that of the oxygen. The ozone dissolved in water has stronger sterilization ability.
Why can ozone odorize?
There are varieties of bad smells like the bad smell of rubbish, urine, soot, rotten fish, utensil and ware, toilet, gas and stagnant ditch, etc. With its strong oxidizing capability, ozone can destroy the structure of the material producing stink and produce a material without the bad smell. And the nascent oxygen produced in the decomposition process of ozone is a good oxidant as well, which can decompose some poisonous gases like the sulfurous acid, carbon monoxide and the mixing vicious gas produced during the putrescence of some organic pollutive materials to generate stable and nonpoisonous air.
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Why does ozone can preserve the freshness of food?
Though the picked fresh fruits and vegetables break away from the maternal plant, they remain alive organic matters and still continuing the life activity. Meanwhile, it will also release the ripener automatically, and that the mutual chain among the fruits and vegetables will cause the interaction of the leaf mold and saccharomycete will accelerate the maturity and rot of the fruits and vegetables. But the ozone can make the ripener oxidized and r produce and have the ethylene oxide which suppresses the leaf mold and saccharomycete through the oxidation, lengthening the freshness period of the fruits and vegetables.
Why can ozone water remove the residual agricultural medicine on the melon, fruits and vegetables?
Agricultural medicine + 03 ------C02 +H20 + other simple chemical compounds
From the above equation it can be seen that the ozone can oxidize a lot of organic compounds into carbon dioxide, water and other chemical compounds, that is, ozone can break down the chemical molecule keys of the agricultural medicine in the oxidizing course so as to make chemical changes of agricultural medicine, without toxicity.
Is ozone harmful to human body?
The branch point of the ozone is 0.01P. P. M. . But the mankind can only smell it with the concentration between 0.03-0. 04P. P. M.. The ozone can carry on the chemical reactions with all saturation organic matter at very low speed in air under the normal temperature.
The pure water without nitrogen and oxygen compounds is nonpoisonous, whose concentration even may be a little high. Early in 1949, many Japanese doctors and pharmacy doctors made contests in white mouse, the rabbit and monkey with pure ozone of no less than 99.9% concentration. Years later, it is proved that ozone not only was nonpoisonous but also made the animals develop faster and better with stronger propagate ability instead. And it has been confirmed later by scientists and doctors that injecting right amount of pure ozone from hype or into the skin and muscle is completely harmless and that pure ozone can purify blood rapidly, increase the amount of erythrocyte and leukocyte, and receive the cell’s metabolism function. We can see from the experimental result that ozone is certain to build body and dispel varieties of diseases difficult to cure. It is believed that people will benefit a lot from ozone in the near future.
Is there any secondary pollution during the process of disinfection?
The answer is certainly NO. It is known to all as a rule of the universe that materials are timeless. Old materials would give birth to new materials before its disappearing. As for ozone, oxygen, which is universally known as nonpoisonous at all, is produced after the decomposition of ozone. And there is not any other residual materials left thus ensuring no secondary pollution. In addition, ozone can also purify water and air, which is unique compared with other disinfectants. So ozone is entitled “green environmental protection element” by the scientists, which is also “the only effective and harmless way of disinfection” and “an ideal and irreplaceable disinfection product without any new pollution”.
Why does ozone water have the health care function?
The ozone water can be regarded as a mysterious health care promoter. For example, you would feel cool after breathing slight amount of air with ozone. The oxidizing capability can accelerate the growth of haemoglobin and increase the oxygen content in the blood, which would promote blood circulation and reduce tiredness. And its mysterious effect embodies in the treatment of some diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, neurasthenia, insomnia, anaemia, heart debilitation, high blood pressure, etc.. As for suppurate sterilization, tooth's socket treatment, and sterilization of wound are involved in the usages of ozone.
Why can ozone be used in beauty culture?
Ozone is apt to dissolve in water. It is not only a disinfectant but also healthful. Ozone devices are often installed in family bath and commercial public bath because it can make one’s skin white and smooth, meanwhile, the rich fresh oxygen absorbed by the skin vessel ends can promote blood circulation and metabolism and slow down skin aging. And taking a shower in this environment, you don’t need to worry about being anoxic again. It has been applied in Europe and America extensively.
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The ozone has extensive usages and the following are some of the reports:
1. Ozone is one of the usable and strongest oxidants that we have known. It is a broad-spectrum bactericide which can disinfect, sterilize and decompose agricultural medicine. It can oxidize the protein shell of thalli like bacterium and fungi so that it kills prerogative generations of bacteria, sporangium, virus and fungi, as well as hepatitis virus, influenza virus. Moreover, it can kill 99% of the colon bacillus and staphylococcus. When it is used in as room, it can spread quickly to every corner, thus ensuring the completeness of disinfection.
2. Ozone is fatal to viruses and bacteria but useless and harmless to useful bacteria’s cells, whose balance enzyme system is quite strong.
3. The ozone can disinfect and purify the air and prevent the cross infection of the diseases. Remove the peculiar smell in such places as the bedroom, sitting room, kitchen, bathroom, etc. The ozone has an effect on beddings, clothes, carpets, wardrobes, shoes cabinets, and coins as well.
4. The sunshine time in some regions of our country is so little that the humidity is great. And the air pollution is relatively serious. In theses regions ozone can even demonstrate its special functions better.
5. Ozone is apt to dissolve in water and forms ozone water, namely the “almighty water” in some European and American developed countries. Its disinfection speed is many times as that of chlorine.
6. Ozone water can play an important role in the health care of infant diapers and woman underwears.
7. Ozone water can disinfect meat, melon, fruits and vegetables, remove the bad smell and preserve freshness. And the contained residual agricultural medicine can be decomposed too.
8. Ozone water can clean and protect your skin and reduce cosmetics stimulus to the skin. Carry on a cold compress with ozone water or soak scald, hurt, wound in ozone water, accelerating heal up and preventing infecting. Washing and steeping your teeth in ozone water can guard against beriberi disease caused by fungi and skin disease. And shampooing with ozone water can wash clean badly and lessen the loss of hair.
9. Ozone can be used extensively in the following fields: Family, hospital, hotel, cosmetology, communal bathroom, food processing industry, school , kindergarten , home for the aged , finance , securities , office , places of entertainment , army , industry , agriculture , fishery , feeding , environmental protection, etc.. |
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Reports on water treatment:
Early in 1781, Van Marcum reported ozone for the first time. And its molecular formula was confirmed as O3 in 1876. In the acid medium, its standard electrode electric potential E¸ is 2.7V and in the alkaline medium, E¸ is 1. 27V. Because its strong oxidizing capability, the ozone is researched and applied extensively. Early in 1893, ozone was put into practice that Schneller V used ozone for Rhine water disinfection treatment in Holland and in 1905 that Nice city used it for drinking water treatment in France. However, the high expenses of ozone equipment and operation cost restricted its broad usages but the drinking water disinfection.
In recent years, the troubles with biodegradation of chlorine outgrowth, poisonous and harmful organic waste water is increasingly visible and the capability of ozone generators is improving, so the ozone technology has been paid attention to again and improved and developed a lot in ozone water treatment. Apart from the combination with flocculation, air floatation and biochemistry treatment units, the technology of ozone oxidizing has experienced four stages: the direct oxidizing, alkali catalysis, light catalysis, and metal catalysis. There are very extensive application prospects in water treatment of improved ozone technology and the combination crafts of ozone and other treatment methods at present.
The effect of ozone in water treatment: Firstly, the research on drinking water treatment indicates that ozone is a strong disinfectant which can destroy effectively various microorganisms like bacteria and viruses without any outgrowth. Secondly, besides this function, ozone can also remove micro pollution materials such as humus, agricultural medicine and chlorinated organic matter. Thirdly, ozone has been used to take the place of chemical medicines in circulation cooling water treatment extensively. The researches and applications in Taiwan, Germany and America indicate that oznonized cooling water has satisfactory resistances to corrosion, furring and biologic furring. Fourthly, ozone can oxidize minerals in waste water or sewage, such as CN, NH3, etc. and some organic matters difficult to biodegrade like aromatic compounds, that is to say, ozone with certain concentration can get rid of the minerals and organic matters in waste water and sewage without any secondary pollution. |
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Reports about food processing industry:
According to IOA European-African-Asian-Australasian Group, Moscow, Russia, 1998, Japan, Australia and France took the lead in storage of food with ozone. In America any chemical and materials related to food is called food additive which is managed only by FDA (Food and Drug Administration). As regards ozonic application in food processing, FDA just approved the disinfection of bottled water and production line till 1997. In order to unchain the proviso about ozonic usage in food processing industry, EPRI organized scientists and technical experts committee in the food field to collect and access the background, current situation and prospect of the application of ozone in food processing and storage. The committee announced that food stored with ozone is GRAS, i.e., Generally Regarded As Safe (the official label on the American food package). This announcement was published in the Science Magazine by Graham and some others in 1997 and has been put on records in FDA.
Thereby FDA did series of research on ozone and discovered that ozonic water with certain concentration (> 3mg/L) can restrain and kill 23 kinds of microorganism, including colon bacillus, bacillus pyocyaneus, salmonella, staphylococcus, vibrio, aspergilla bacterium, etc.. All these and that America has gave up the requisition of GRAS become the foundation of extensive application of ozone in food processing industry. That America gave a declaration of ozone regarding GRAS and FDA stated its new attitude towards this declaration in the middle of 1997 would extend a bigger application scope of ozone, especially in the countries referring to FDA standards. This declaration became a landmark of ozone technology. Just in the past year, EPRI held many lectures, explaining the meaning of GRAS declaration and the practical usages in food and agricultural technology and accessing the valve of ozone technology in addition to its improvement. |
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Reports about medical treatment
More than 100 years ago ozone was first discovered as the allotrope of oxygen and an efficient disinfectant. The application of ozone in medical treatment began in 1930s in Germany and has been extended to Australia, Italia, Sweden, Russia, Cuba and some states of America. At present the medical use of ozone has developed into many methods: big share autohemotherapy，small share rectum insufflations，ozonic water method，ozone gaseous application，hypodermic method，muscle injecting method，coelom injecting method. These methods have achieved good effect in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, paediatrics and stomatology.
t has been confirmed that ozone has a remarkable effect on medical and health care fields. Dissolve ozone in pure water and ozone water is generated. The ozone water with concentration higher than 4mg/L and less than 6mg/L can be used in wound surface disinfection, such as brush burn, scald, stung wound by mosquito and cut, to prevent wound surface infection. And the ozone water with concentration higher than 6mg/L can be used as a disinfectant of varieties of gynecologic diseases, anus and intestine diseases, venereal diseases and dermatomes caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses.
According to clinical experiments, ozonic water has a good effect on surgery diseases and dermatomes. Firstly, ozone water can kill all kinds of nosogenetic bacteria of tumefaction and make the wound heal quickly. Compared with other regular treatment methods, ozone water treatment is convenient to use and has quick curative effect bringing no pain to patients. Secondly, it can kill various stubborn dermatomes bacteria such as psoriasis, eczema, grey nail, bottle nose, dermatophytosis and acne, etc..
Additionally, the experiments have proved that as long as it reaches certain concentration, the ozone can kill all the microorganisms within very short time. As for the certain concentration, it is 0.3mg/L for bacterium, 1.5mg/L for fungi, 2.2mg/L for bacterium sporangium and 4.0 mg/L for HB3Ag. What’s more, some authoritative medical information organization has searched enough medical repots and made a conclusion that there has been no side effect of ozone treatment in clinical applications. |
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